Evolution of technology and important discoveries

TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION

 What is the technology? Is it only the design of new machines?

All of us know what is a rock and a lamp but, do you know that the rock was the object that produced light the first time?

What discoveries gave us the egyptians?
When appeared first glasses?

Have you ever compared the first telephone and the actual IPhone?

How was the first car?

 The technology is the set of objects, knowledge, activities, processes and sociotechnical systems.

Methods to do something, skills, innovations, tools, machines... all of them are victims of technology, from the new computer to the pencil and the process of its creation.

Cave of Altamira in
Cantabria,Spain.

PREHISTORY

In the Prehistory, it was discovered the fire. 

Their tools were made by rocks, wood and strings.

They also had clothes but these weren't of wool or leather, they were made with animal skin.

People in this age liked play instruments but their instruments were stones, animal bones or wooden flutes.

Prehistory's art was a little bit strange. They used blood or stone pigments to fabricate their colours. Their paintings were simple but with an important meaning.

The wheel is one of the most important inventions that a human have ever created.

The wheel was very important because people had to transport big rocks and animals to their caves.

ANCIENT AGE
This period of time begins with the invention of the writing.
It was invented the sword because there were a lot of wars and the warriors needed weapons to fight.
In Mesopotamia, it was invented the toilet, that was a hole in the land.
There were invented some tools like the spoon.
The mill was created to break seeds of wheat through a stone mechanism.
They started the exchange facilitated by the coin.
In the ancient egypt was created the first alphabet with 24 lettres.
The map was an important invention because it helped explorers to find new zones.

ANCIENT EGYPT

The wheel was also very used in the Ancient Egypt by emperors and workers.

Egyptians have created river dams to facilitate the transport of water.

Polichrome paintings decorated all buildings.

They started the mummification of important people such as Cleopatra.

 The balance is an instrument created by egyptians and wich is still used.

The plummet was a simple tool that helped them to see if a wall of a building was horizontal or not.

They created the plow pulled by animals to facilitate their work.

Egyptians were the first civilization who created the pulley system.

They also produced the first wooden boats, linen cloth, papyrus and glass.

MIDDLE AGE

In this period of time, people promoted the technology. 

They invented and discovered a lot of useful things and they improved their knowledge:

·Obtaining of sugar from sugarcane.

·The classical chess.

·The pen.

·The rubber ball.

·Horseshoes for horses' hooves.

·Square musical notation.

·Distillation.

·Screw.

·Gun powder.

·Porcelain.

·Card games.

·Compass.

·Harpsichord, similar to the piano.

·Tinplate for armor constructions.

·Cannon (made with iron or bronze)

·Lenses. In Mesopotamia, they wanted create them to light a fire. In Italy, they created convex lenses with a handle to see bigger the lettres. A century later, appeared the concave glasses for myopia. 

·Printing press (In Germany, by Johannes Gutemberg). This is an other invention that revolutionized the history.

·Alarm clock.

·Oil paintings.

MODERN AGE 

People created clothes (shirts), weapons (hand grenades, guns), tools (pencil, microscope, telescope, mercury thermometer, centigrade thermometer, rule, calculator, color paper...), instruments (piano), machines ( knitting machine, automobile, submarine, sewing machine...) and some objects (umbrella, pendulum clock, condom, oil lamp, hot air balloon, parachute, propeller, gas turbine...).

The first knitting machine, 1768.

Galileo Galilei invented the first thermometer in 1592. But, in 1714, Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit created the mercury thermometer and Anders Celsius created the centigrade thermometer in 1742.

The game "Snakes and ladders" was created in the Modern Age.

The first piano was Italian, created by Bartolomeo Cristofori in 1700.

The metric system was one of the most important advances in this age.

Miguel Servet developped his theory about circulatory and pulmonary systems in 1532, and Edward Jenner developped the Smallpox Vaccine in 1796.
We can't forget that in 1492, Columbus discovered America and this event was the begin of important travels to and from this continent.

Two hundred years ago , began our Contemporary Age, in wich the technology advanced very much. People created new machines and objects that helped to develop us .

They also developped theories about almost all things that we know and about things that we haven't known yet.

MARIA KRAVCHYNSKA

ZAHA HADID

ZAHA HADID

BIOGRAPHY

Zaha Hadid was born in Baghdad (Iraq), on October 31, 1950. She is a famous architect.

All his childhood, she lived in Bagdad, and then she was moved to London where her study of architecture is located

Before studying in the Architectural Association of London, she graduated in mathematics for the American University of Beirut. After his graduation she was employed at the study of architecture Office for Metropolitan Architecture.

She established her own study in London in 1979. She gave lessons in the Architectural Association during the year 1980.

Great part of his work has been of conceptual character, but between the constructed projects, we can mention:

                                                                

HER WORK

1.      Firemen's station Vitra (1993), Weil am Rhein, Germany

2.      Center of Contemporary Art Rosenthal (1998), Cincinnati, Ohio

3.      Hoenheim-North Terminus and Parking (2001), Strasbourg, France

4.      Jump platform of ski Bergisel (2002), Innsbruck, Austria

5.      I annex Ordrupgård (2005), Copenhagen, Denmark

6.      Center of Science Phäno (2005), Wolfsburgo, Germany

7.      Nordkettenbahn, Innsbruck, Austria

8.      Center BMW (2005), Leipzig, Germany

9.      General plan of Zorrozaurre (2006), Bilbao, Spain

10. Pavilion Bridge of the International Exhibition Saragossa 2008 (2008), Saragossa, Spain

She has won a lot of international contests, however, many of her designs they were never constructed. Between such situations, it is necessary to indicate: 

- The Peak Club, Hong Kong (1983).

- Marries of the Opera of Cardiff's Bay in Wales (1994).

In 2004, Zaha Hadid had the honor of being the first woman in receiving the Prize Pritzker. 

She is a member of the publishing group of the Encyclopædia Britannica. 

In 2005, she was won the contest for the construction of the Pavilion Bridge of the International Exhibition 2008 of Zaragoza.

Also, she was designed done of the buildings of the Campus of the Justice in Madrid, Spain

Nowadays she is working in the renovation and Zorrozaurre's restructuring, a neighborhood of Bilbao, which she will turn into island. In 2008 there began the construction of his project of the Central Library of the University of Sevilla.

AWARDS

2003: Prize of Contemporary Architecture Mies van der Rohe. 

2004: Prize Pritzker, being the first woman in obtaining this prize. 

2009: Praemium Imperiale.

HAJAR HAMMOU DAHMANI

The evolution of technology

THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY

            Technology is actually progressing at a lightened speed rhythm and that’s because we invert a good part of our money on it.

For centuries technology progress has been really slow because of different reasons: wars, diseases and the need of survival. Nevertheless some inventions created on ancient times are some of the most important, most useful and simple ones, such as the wheel, the sharp tools (axes, scrapers, needles…) and another ones. From them all other machines have been invented.

        

There are lots of different ambits of technology:

The war or belic technology is with the electronic technology the most worked on.                  

From spears, mazes, shields and bows passing to belic structures such as towers, siege towers, flamethrowers and castles many years have passed.

    

 With the invention of gunpowder and the first shotguns the war tactics also changed, as a result the number of casualties in the war increased dramatically.

  

In the first half of XX century, with the world wars I and II, the development of arms industry reached an unprecedented increase. Firearms were really improved with the creation of the first precise automatic firearms, the tanks and the intercontinental rockets.

sub-machine gun ´´tompson´´ 1928

Domestic technology

            Domestic technology has also improved because with its improvement industry earns lots of money and it is useful for customer because the domestic devices as computers, mobile phones, washing machines, ironing machines, vacuum cleaners, air conditioners …. made life easier.

Most of  this technology runs on electricity.

 

The revolution of the electronic was based in the microchip

Transport technology

            The evolution of transports has also been very drastic over time. For centuries it was centred on animals that weren’t as quick as now but they’ve used really an ecological bio-energy fuel also called dead rests

About 3,500 BC the wheel was invented in what is now Iraq. At first wheels were made of solid pieces of wood linked together to form a circle but after 2,000 BC they were made with spokes. The invention of the wheel allow transporting greater amount of goods from distant places.

            About 3,100 BC the Egyptians invented the sailing boat. They were made of bundles of papyrus reeds tied together. About 2,700 BC the Egyptians began using wooden ships for trade by sea. The boats were essential to increases the commercial transaction in the Mediterranean sea.

Romans built large merchant ships, steered by oars, which could carry up to 1,000 tons of cargo. The Romans also built lighthouses to aid shipping. They also built a road network.

The Chinese invented the compass that help in sailing

             Although the first cars appeared at the end of the 19th century after the First World War they soon became cheaper and more common.

    

Jaime Minguela Satre

hipnosis and drugs

      Nowadays,  people don´t know about hipsnosis very much because they´re not interested in this useful quality. If  you know correctly how to practice this beautiful art you can have so much fun.

     Hipnosis has had always a lot in comon with mentalism that consists in controll and read people's mind with perceptions in the changes of position, voice ,skin colour ,changes in pupil (of the eyes in general). Hipnosis in change is to literally control the person with drugs and concentration.

     People has always said that they were magicians and witchs and normally it has been an espectacle but it has been used since prehistory with drugs that make the ´´transit´´ easier.

 

     Some people have thought that it was a magnetic effect over peoples mind but it´s demonstrated that it consists in putting to sleep the other person´s minds to controll them.

It is a good power but also a big responsabilty because you don't have to abuse of it

Jaime Minguela Sastre

HOW TO INVENT SOMETHING? jaime minguela sastre

   Have you ever thought I can invent ?

 what can I do for doing my life easier 

 than now ?

 You can study and think all the time that

  you won't probably think about something 

 new,useful or concrete (you can think in

 revolutionary cream but you can not process

 it and there are lots nowadays)

 For example the microwave and penicilin 

 have been created by mistake.

     

       

 But if you aren't thinking on it you

 will probably discover something(if you

 observe your environment)

 That was the reason because of humans

 have succeeded in survival.

 We are perfect at the time of inventing 

 because of our enormous brain.(In comparation  with another animals)

        

 Our creative capacity is not normal and 

 evolution has ´´runned´´ more than normal

 in the creation of our brain like it is now

 Lots of crazy people think that aliens have

 experimented with monkeys and created the  first ´´human´´.But that´s ridicoulous. 

 Someday someone will create things like  ingravity systems and others but that´s too

 far from now.

  

  

Do you know about cars?

How to do a car?

The cars are done in an assembly line,  they go moving slow for a rail and they are putting on different elements. In all the process robots and people  participate.

1. The engineers design cars.
2. Robots do the auto body: the external part of the car.
3. After they makes up I inform to pistol or putting it in a big basins.
4. The machines place inside first the engine and later all them elements.
5. Finally, they put the doors and the wheels.
6. They revue if the car are working well and after that there are mounted in the trailer that or it will take the concessionaire.

Advices to take care of a car.
All the cars have a book of maintenance to know all the time they touch the vision in the mechanical workshop. Periodically it is necessary to change the oil, check the liquid of brakes, the alignment and the pressure of the wheels. It suits to take the car to the workshop providing that it is fenced to doing a long trip. The wheels have to have the marked well drawing; if it does not have it, is necessary to change it.
    Ivan

Thomas Edison

                               THOMAS ALVA EDISON

Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan,Ohio,February 11, 1847. He was a  businessman and an American inventor.He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world,
Edison developed hearing problems at an early age. The cause of his problems has been attributed to a bout of scarlet fever during childhood,Around the middle of his career, Edison attributed the hearing problem to being struck on the ears by a train conductor when his chemical laboratory in a boxcar caught fire.
He invented a lot of things:

Phonograph: The phonograph  is a device  introduced in 1877 for the recording and reproduction of sound recordings.






Electrical telegraph: An electrical telegraph is a telegraphy that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via telecommunication lines or radio.





Alkaline batteries:Alkaline batteries are a type of primary batteries dependent upon the reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide.







Incandescent light bulb: An incandescent light bulb is an electric light which produces light with a filament wire heated to a high temperature by an electric current passing through it.






I think that Thomas Alva Edison was one of the most important inventors in all the world.



By: Francisco Baños Hernández

Personal Computer: Components

Today, computers are a very useful tool.But coputers aren´t only one part,They are formed by some components, which are essential for the proper functioning of the computer.

CPU:Central Processing Unit or Processor is the most important componentof the computer.It reads and interprets the data and processes it.Today we have  two big brands of processors,INTEL and AMD.Both of them make really good processors.My CPU is an AMD Athlon(tm) II X4 640 Processor
                                                     

A Gigabyte Motherboard

Mother Board:or Main Board.Is the main circuit of any computer.It holds other compunents, such as the CPU the graphic card ,the sound card...it also has a firmware called BIOS(basic input-output system)who runs the OS (operative system: windows ,linux or macintosh)controls the keyborad and give us access to the inner settings of the computer.This component has a lot of brands and types.


RAM:Random Acces Memory is used as tool for the OS, programs and softwares.It is also a way of storing and accessing data in any ramdom order.It has three types(SRAM, DRAM and PRAM)which I am not going to explain them because they are too complex.It is measured in Gygabites

Hard Disk Drive:Used as a way of storing digital data.They store it usung a complex system made of magnetics parts.you can have multiple hard disks in your computer.It is measured in Gygabites

My Video Card:NVIDIA GTX 630

Video Card:or Graphics Card.Are complex devices which take the information of the CPU and transform it into comprensible information for an output device (monitors and televisions)They are also useful to render 3D scenes and 2D graphics.They are two important brands of video cards (NVIDIA and AMD).My videocard is a NVIDIA GeForce GT 630

Power Supply:They change the AC energy to low-voltage energy to be used for the PC components.My pwer supply is a fatality

Case:Is the component where all is in.It holds all the other components inside and connect them with the monitor and other devices (such as external hard disks)

Remenber,if you want to make your PC using components choose the componets with the same quality.For example, if you buy a very good processor which makes a lot of information to store, don´t buy a low-quality hard disk drive because it is not going to be able to store that amount of information.


JANDRO LÓPEZ GÓMEZ

Greenland´s Mega Canyon

Some scientists from Bristol´s University in England have discovered a huge canyon under the ice in Greenland.The cayon is about 750 kilometers long and it´s depth is almost 800 meters,wich means that it is as deep as the Great Cayon ,in Arizona.

They think the canyon is earlier than the ice layer that has been covering it for the last millions of years.To compare it with something,the longest river in England,the Servern river,has 350 kilometers and it is less long and wide than the Greenland Cayon.

The scientists mesured and reconstructed the landscape thanks to the data that the NASA and Germany scientists have been storing for many decades using an airborne radar.

.But during the analysis of the radar data,they discovered that the cayon extended almost from the center of  the island to the upper part of it, dividing itself in different paths that lies to different zones of the island connecting with the Atlantic Ocean

The scientists said that it is transporting all the subglacier-melted water to the ocean.

-Jandro López Gómez-